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What surprise twist will inheritance tax throw your way?

Dominic Thomas
Oct 2024  •  3 min read

What surprise twist will inheritance tax throw your way?

The new tax year of April 2027 will likely bring in significant changes for the Executors and beneficiaries of estates. Unless plans change (which is a possibility) most people will likely see their estate pay even more inheritance tax.

Why? Well primarily because any unspent pensions will form part of the estate for assessment (they are currently exempt). As someone on social media far too often, I come across a number of posts and videos about this “draconian” tax and what you can do about it. Most of them are selling something and many of them are misleading.

There are other restrictions that are due to begin at the same time, but in this item, I am going to focus solely on your pension.

First, this only applies to investment-based pensions, not the big employer final salary or career average schemes (such as the NHS, Teachers, Local Government, Armed Forces). Whilst your statement from these institutions often shows a value, it’s irrelevant for anything other than a divorce.

As a result, those of you (most people) who have an investment-based pension, this will become part of your estate. Remember that there is no inheritance tax between spouses, this is only when a single or divorced person dies or the last member of a couple.

Pensions are designed to provide retirement income and therefore to be used. However, due to the way the tax system works, for many clients we may have structured income from a variety of sources, such as ISAs or cash and there may well be a reasonable amount of your official pension pot left (because you saved wisely and it was invested well).

You can get around this issue by going ‘old school’ and buying an annuity with your pension, which provides a guaranteed taxable income for life at prevailing income tax rates (0%-45% on all the income). The problem being that this is an irreversible decision and you are stuck with it, irrespective of future income tax rates and your actual need for income.

You could spend more, take out lump sums rather than just income, you can gift this money too. You decide who the beneficiaries are – which can be anyone or any registered charity.

However, a word of caution, your income requirement in a decades-long retirement (hopefully) will change and as you age, you will likely need less income for a period before possibly needing an awful lot more if you need care in your home or if you go into residential care, which as you may know, can be very expensive (£600-£3,500 a week). Let me put that in annual terms – £31,200-£182,000 a year. So it’s quite possible that you will spend a lot of your pension – perhaps all of it.

My advice is to have a proper financial plan and review it regularly. It’s not simply something for those planning retirement or the sale of their business; but for millions of retirees who rely on pensions and savings to get them through each month. Certainly, don’t panic about a tax that you don’t have to pay (your estate might, you won’t). There is a lot that can happen in the retirement years, and I will be encouraging you to maximise your enjoyment and fulfilment of the lifetime you have.

What surprise twist will inheritance tax throw your way?2025-10-03T16:15:57+01:00

Would you be hit by a Wealth Tax?

Dominic Thomas
July 2025  •  4 min read

Would you be hit by a Wealth Tax?

We live in a world that is lurching towards fascism, which is largely due to the failure of centrist Governments to address the inequalities in our society. Whilst evidently aware that the UK overspends and hasn’t enough income each year to continue to provide the services that we expect, sadly this Government, much like those before it, is adamantly refusing to tax the very wealthy (those with more than £10m of assets). Instead, they are taking a wrecking ball to the working and middle classes and small businesses with tax upon tax.

Plans to raise even more from inheritance tax (IHT)

We know that inheritance tax is unpopular and probably not because of the amount it raises (which is a fraction of taxes, accurately less than 1% of the total £857,821m) but rather more to do with the approach that Government simply taxes you again, taking bites out of the same money. Your savings have already suffered income tax, capital gains tax and possibly stamp duty and VAT, yet also finally succumb to inheritance tax.

The Fake Exodus

The failure of the current Chancellor, who in fairness is just as ineffective as all her predecessors over the last 40 years or so, is unable to appreciate the biases that she has – an inability to believe that taxing a few people more will not cause them to leave the UK with a proper wealth tax. Pandering to right wing reports of an “exodus” of millionaires from the UK, which is an utterly inflated and bogus interpretation of the available data, we, like the Chancellor and most politicians, are being fed the lie that we must allow the very rich to pay minimal taxes or risk their departure and then share the burden between those who remain here. In fact, our tax system is deliberately structured this way. The firm touting the narrative, seized upon by billionaire media moguls, is Henley and Partners – a company that basically specialises in servicing the ultra-rich. Its equivalent is a gun manufacturer distorting violent crime data resulting in fear and widespread gun ownership (ker-ching!) and … more violent crime.

Reality Check – Millionaires care about a thriving society too

The reality is that only 0.2% (zero point two percent) of millionaires migrate. This rate has barely altered. The Tax Justice Network and Patriotic Millionaires UK have both attempted to address this grossly deliberately misleading narrative, providing data and facts, but UK and global media outlets are rarely concerned with anything other than sensationalism and stoking division. It wouldn’t be a surprise if you had never heard of either organisation. It might surprise you to learn that 80% of UK millionaires support a 2% wealth tax. These are people who have at least £4m of net assets, which does include some of our clients.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves, like those before her, has fallen for it and is pressing ahead with frozen allowances, increases to NI and tax rises for inheritance taxes in particular, impacting anyone with an investment-based pension fund (you) or a farmer (we have a few farmer clients but not many). Whilst Henley and Partners have backtracked on their false and inflammatory statements about an “exodus”, the media has not caught up and neither has Reeves.

As a result, the gradual reduction of the welfare state, the sense of distaste that most of us have for our ever-rising bills and taxes, the billionaires and ultra rich continue to build wealth and remain largely outside of scope. The constant failure of the UK Government and in particular Kier Starmer, leaves the door open for an irate electorate to vote for change, sadly the party that garners attention (thanks to a more than willing media) is that of Reform and the duplicitous Nigel Farage, who is a Trump mimic and fans the flames of fascism. For some people he is a protest vote; but the evidence suggests that he is not merely a protest. His rhetoric (backed by very wealthy individuals like Elon Musk and businesses) calls for dismantling the welfare state (including the NHS) and taking an authoritarian approach – threatening our democracy. On the rare occasions that he and his supporters admit that Brexit has failed, he states this is due to Government not going far enough (by which he means far right enough). Whilst the focus may initially be on “illegal immigrants”  and abandoning plans to save our only planet, his “policies” or words will inevitably fail to address any real problems; his argument will always be that centrists (the vast majority of the electorate) didn’t allow him to go far enough, and so we are, in my view, at a crossroads. He also advocates “relaxing” gun laws and defended fascists (laughably calling them “concerned families”) attempting to burn down a hotel which may have housed asylum seekers. You know your history.

When new information comes to light, I am forced to rethink and change my mind – how about you? My role as your adviser is not to tell you how to vote, but to advise you about your wealth and how this aligns with your lifestyle and the general sense of wellbeing when contextualised within our society.  Successive Governments have all largely failed most of us except the very wealthy which doesn’t include you (or me) despite our combined efforts to save, invest, grow, innovate, employ, repay debt and minimise taxes.

Instead, an employed person earning say £120,000 will have tax rates of 62% whereas I can assure you that someone with sufficient capital will be able to generate the same level of income with tax rates no higher than 28%. Taxing income and taxing wealth are not even vaguely comparable. You will note that in the diagram about tax receipts, most of those taxes are paid by working people under State Pension age.

I’m actually of no particular political persuasion, I attempt to vote for who I believe will serve our country and planet best, not necessarily my own interests. The choices today are highly influenced by media bias and false representation. Somehow, we have to pick our way through the noise and vote for decent people who hold everyone’s interests; not simply those who have a particular distorted view of monoculture, a faux respect for the protection of women and children (look at what they vote to cut) and conveniently forget our history whilst at the same time portraying a distorted view of the past. It is time for hope, not hate.

Would you be hit by a Wealth Tax?2025-08-13T10:19:38+01:00

Market turbulence

Dominic Thomas
March 2025  •  3 min read

Market turbulence

If you have followed the news, you will appreciate that global stock markets have been falling sharply over recent weeks. This is in response to the wave of changes and abandonment of normal policy by the new, rather insane US Government.

Your portfolio will have fallen. It will recover, the question is really how much worse will things get and how long before they recover. To which the answer is, “I don’t know” and nobody knows.

I would remind you that we have seen significant falls in market values every year (on average -15% every year at some point), it’s simply that some years you and the media pay more attention.

You can view your portfolio in our secure portal or on the platform portal that we are using for you, typically Fundment, Nucleus, Parmenion or Transact.  However I would caution against doing so regularly as this will merely increase your anxiety, which isn’t good for your health or your financial plan.

Many of us realised that Trump was not someone to be trusted, based on his actions over many years, but despite his very odd decades-long special relationship with Putin, it seems that there are still swathes of Americans who are unable to discern this (even if it smacked them around the face with a kipper). Denial and distortion of facts and reality are in evident supply, unlike truth and justice.

In terms of helpful and reassuring information and our approach to evidence-based investing, JP Morgan produce data about the worst declines in valuation during each calendar year.  Admittedly, this is the FTSE All-Share not the global market, but the principles are exactly the same. It’s a chart that you would have seen before in our client magazine Spotlight.

The chart shows the grey bars as the final return for the calendar year since 1986. It shows that of the 39 completed years, 27 (70%) were positive, 12 (30%) were negative. That means that roughly one year in four is negative. The red dots indicate the worst or deepest decline in each of those years. Every year has a ‘crash’. The average drop is 15% and the median (the middle value when all lined up in order) drop is 12%.

This knowledge hopefully provides some comfort about the reality of ‘drops’ each year, but the message is really – don’t panic, stay in your seat. Admittedly you could say “sell it, get me out” but this will actually realise a loss (make it real rather than notional) and it is unlikely that you will re-invest at a point that is any more favourable, if you do that’s probably luck rather than skill.

We have built your financial plan making allowance for these scenarios. Investments do not grow in straight neat lines; they are erratic.  The greater the proportion you hold in equities (shares), the more volatile, but also the greater the reward over time. Your plan is designed for your entire lifetime and beyond.

As of now (March 17th 2025), the global equity market is down -3.75% since the start of 2025. Global Bonds are up +0.85% and a 50/50 portfolio is down -1.73%. The numbers in pounds will look considerably worse than this, they always do because you relate to pounds in terms of your income and spending rather than your capital, but it is healthier to consider it in percentage terms. The chart below shows the Year to Date (YTD) figures for Timeline Tracker 100 (green) 50 (yellow) 0 (red).

Looking at a longer term perspective helps provide some context.

None of us like to see portfolios hit heavily, it is unnerving. As I have said, this is currently down to the politics of the US Government, with proposed tariffs and appointing billionaires to act as parodies of Bond villains providing ‘advice’ to the White House. Personally, I hope that he is removed from office as soon as possible, but it is also clear that the Vice President is perhaps even worse, possessing very little understanding of how the world works.

Generally in life we tend to assume that wisdom is correlated with age. At the age of 78 I find no evidence that Trump possesses any. Mr Vance at age 40 certainly hasn’t acquired any yet.

Market turbulence2025-03-20T16:51:04+00:00

Government Pension Reforms

Matt Loadwick
Dec 2024  •  5 min read

Government Pension Reforms

Chancellor Rachel Reeves recently announced plans for major reforms to UK pension schemes, described as “the biggest pension reform in decades”, with possible implications for both UK public sector pension funds and private sector pensions.

These plans formed a key part of her first Mansion House speech as Chancellor, which is the annual address given by the incumbent Chancellor to senior bankers and financial industry leaders at the Annual Financial and Professional Services Dinner.

Typically, this speech is used to indicate future plans for the industry and is closely watched by those wanting to keep a close eye on the Government’s next steps.

What is the Government trying to achieve?

Through these reforms, it seems that the Government is seeking to achieve two objectives in particular;

  • To increase investment in UK projects / businesses to help stimulate economic growth; and
  • To increase returns on savings for UK pensioners

It is understood that the Government will not mandate where the funds will be invested, but it is hoped that a significant proportion will naturally end up invested in UK-based projects and growing businesses.

Some savers may find the framing of these reforms unsettling, as in the first instance they appear to be promoted as a vehicle for economic growth, rather than looking primarily at the needs of savers.

What are the plans?

According to the official Government press release, the reforms, (which will be introduced through a new Pension Schemes Bill in 2025) will merge the 86 Local Government Pension Scheme assets, and consolidate defined contribution schemes into ‘megafunds’.

It is understood that smaller defined contribution schemes from private businesses across the UK would also be pooled into funds of £25bn to £50bn

These megafunds would reflect set-ups in Australia and Canada, where pension funds take advantage of size to invest in assets that have higher growth potential. The Government hopes that this could deliver £80 million of investment in new businesses and critical infrastructure, while boosting the pension pots of defined contribution savers.

Are these new ideas?

It should be clarified that these plans are not exactly ‘new’ ideas from a UK government perspective, with the previous Conservative Governments proposing similar reforms in the last decade, most notably so with David Cameron in 2015, and Chancellor Jeremy Hunt as recently as Autumn 2023. It would seem that the fact that these reforms have cross-party support, at a time when UK politics is increasingly polarised, this would suggest that this is not altogether a terrible idea.

What opportunities might Megafunds offer?

The idea is that the larger the fund, the larger the sums of money that can be invested, into a wider range of both higher risk and longer-term assets, increasing the chances of improved returns for savers.

These pooled funds would be managed by professional investors, which should in turn help to cut costs by reducing fees paid to the various teams of advisers / lawyers / asset managers employed by individual firms each year.

What are the issues?

Risk and reward is inherent in all investments, and any investment decision should be defined through the investor’s attitude to risk, capacity for loss, and their need for returns.

Pension savers across the UK will all wish to see good returns on their investments in order to support a comfortable retirement, and in this regard the proposed reforms could be seen as a positive move.

However, not all savers will have the same attitude to risk, and an individual’s capacity for loss on their pension funds will change throughout their working lives. For instance, a saver in the early part of their career would be more likely to accept their funds taking a significant hit, as there would be plenty of time for them to recover before they retire. Conversely, a saver who may be looking to retire imminently would have less capacity for loss, as there would be less time for their funds to recover in the event of any significant losses.

These Canadian / Australian models often have a higher proportion of their funds invested in higher risk assets such as private equity, with a lower proportion held in assets that are typically less volatile, such as Government bonds or shares in listed companies.

Such investments come with particular risks, that not all savers have an appetite for. A key example of such investments going wrong is the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement Scheme, who invested into utility provider Thames Water.  Well-documented financial issues have led the pension fund to reduce the value of its 31.7% stake in the parent company of Thames Water to zero.

Undoubtedly, there will also be plenty of examples of success stories of these funds, whereby investments into higher risk assets provide the returns that investors hoped they would. But given the nature of our news and media cycle, which tends to focus on the negative, we are less likely to hear about such stories.

Implications?

As ever with these things, the devil will be in the detail, and given that the Bill will not be officially introduced to Parliament until next year, there is time for some of this detail to change.

Solomon’s will be on hand to support all our clients through whatever comes of these reforms; so if you have any questions or concerns – please let us know.

Government Pension Reforms2025-01-21T15:02:04+00:00

Autumn 2024 Budget

Dominic Thomas
Oct 2024  •  5 min read

The Autumn 2024 Budget

I expect further analysis to be necessary, here are some of the initial Autumn Budget highlights. I think firstly there is some good news. The tax-free cash from pensions has not been abolished (I didn’t think it would be).

The Taxman on Steroids

Whatever your political persuasion, the Government is raising an extra £40bn and raising an estimated £1,229bn in 2025-26. One might conclude that all the fuss amounts to a total increase of 3.3% which isn’t that far off the rate of inflation. This merely fuels my general, (admittedly cynical) belief that a Budget is a bit like rearranging the deckchairs on the Titanic. Is ‘the system’ fixed? and will it benefit the nation? are always the questions without answer.

What we do know is that Labour are going to ramp up tax collecting, which in truth is probably a continuance of previous Conservative policy. By the end of November 2024 there will be 200 new HMRC compliance staff, with the intention of creating 5,000 new compliance jobs at HMRC. This is part of the strategy to collect more of the unpaid tax (tax gap) that is owed. HMRC are also launching an app for your phone. HMRC do have powers that enable them to take money from your account and I would expect to see more of this sort of thing occur for frequent late payers.

Similarly, Labour will be aggressively going after those who cheat the welfare state, with fairly tough consequences for those who are caught.

Inheritance Tax

Agricultural property relief and business property relief will alter from April 2026. These will retain 100% relief from inheritance tax up to £1m but thereafter be subject to a 20% inheritance tax rate (half the actual rate). So this is probably a better result than many feared, but there cannot be many agricultural properties worth much below £1m. The reduced IHT exemption will also apply to AIM shares (a commonly used but very high risk tool used by some within the sector) which will inevitably now be less appealing.

Surprisingly, there has been some certainty provided in that the Nil Rate Band of £325,000 is now secured until 2030 as is the Main Residence Relief Rate of £175,000 for estates up to £2m. There is no inheritance tax between spouses.

Farmers will certainly be caught by the changes and I wonder if there may be an amendment for smaller farms (sub £5m in value). It isn’t a good idea to upset those who provide our food and rural management, but it is evident to many that some are considerably more prosperous than others and shouldn’t be totally exempt from IHT.

Pensions

Sadly but not unexpectedly, your unused pension pots will begin to be part of IHT assessment for anyone who dies after 5th April 2027. Currently, unused pension pots are exempt from IHT, but this will end in two and bit years time. This may change some strategies for leaving your pension pot as long as you can, but we have time to make adjustments if necessary. This slight change in policy was always expected and remains one of the many reasons for keeping your retirement provision under review.

The truth is that this will create more administration for Probate which will likely increase the time that the process takes. It is also yet another opportunity for HMRC to learn the value of your pension assets.

Tax-free cash on pensions remains as it was, as does the tax relief on contributions (the latter being a surprise to me). As ever, it rather suggests that you really shouldn’t listen to ‘news’ reports, which are sadly driven by ideology rather than actual facts.

I cannot find anything about changes to Lifetime Allowance, Annual Allowance or Small Pensions rules in the 164 pages of the report. Indeed, it is confirmed that there are no other changes to existing pension rules and allowances, except for offshore pensions, which you do not have anyway! This impacts QROPS (if you know, you know, but you don’t need to if you don’t!).

ISAs

There were no changes to the ISA, LISA or JISA rules and allowances, despite what media pundits suggested. Clearly use of these allowances is sensible, don’t waste yours. The one thing they have scrapped is the British ISA which was announced but never implemented. I think it best assumed that this was a flag-waving attempt for the election.

Non-Dom

Nothing to do with me, but non-domiciled. The rules are changing with the intention being to ensure that people who live in the UK pay their taxes in the UK, both whilst alive and deceased. So this impacts people born outside of the UK. Ultimately, if you have made the UK your home then your worldwide assets will be liable to UK inheritance taxes. Reading between the lines, this is really aimed at very wealthy people with jets and large yachts.

Capital Gains Tax

Capital Gains tax will rise for any disposals from Budget Day (deeply embedded on page 129) this will make our calculations particularly onerous for 2024/25. However, the increase is much as expected, though frankly still lower than I thought might be the case. CGT will increase to 18% (for basic rate taxpayers) and 24% (for higher and additional rate taxpayers). This is still less than income tax. This makes an even stronger case to ensure you use your ISA allowances (£20,000) where CGT does not apply.

There was no change to the CGT allowance of £3,000 – the gain you can make before paying the tax; also no changes to your ability to use realised losses as well

Allowances and rates

There was no change to the annual giving allowance, inheritance tax rates or allowances (other than the above exemptions). The tax bands remain frozen (as previously planned and expected). This means that more people will end up paying tax as they drift into higher tiers.

Business Owners

Arguably business owners (like me) were the ‘hardest hit’ in the Budget. Whilst employees may not pay more National Insurance, employers will collectively pay rather more, some £24bn more from the next tax year and beyond. The employer rate will rise from 13.8% to 15% and be paid from a lower starting level of £5,000 rather than £9,100 (this alone is an extra £615 a year). However small businesses do get Employment Allowance, so the calculated NI they pay only applies after £5,000, this is extended to £10,500 from the new tax year and will apply to all businesses.

This is going to make salary sacrifice schemes more appealing for employers, but I wonder if they might otherwise be even more circumspect about new appointments. This also prompts thoughts about bonuses and pay rises being paid into pensions rather than as salary.

If you do own your own business, then the first £1m you get from selling it has a reduced capital gains tax rate (10%); gains above this are at normal CGT rates. This is known as Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR) and Investors Relief. The £1m allowance will persist but the rates will increase to 14% for 25/26 and 18% for 26/27. So if you were planning to sell or close your business you probably don’t have enough time to take advantage of the lower rate. In practice the extra tax is no more than £40,000 in 25/26 then £80,000 from 26/27.

Business rates (the council tax businesses pay for having an office, shop or factory without any right to local vote or waste disposal) are going to rise. The temporary discount of 75% on rates expires in April and will become a 40% discount.

Corporation tax will remain at the same rate (25%) – that’s business profit taxed at 25% before the balance is distributed as dividends (which are also taxed). The small business rate (profits under £250,000) is retained at 19%, but is of course reduced in real terms (which is what politicians mean by retained or frozen).

Families With Young Children

For those of you with children and are paying for private education or plan to do so, VAT will now be added to your invoice (20%). You may also find that the fees increase as Public Schools will not be able to claim rates relief.

Child benefit rules are remaining as they were. Long gone are the days when families collected child benefit for each child, irrespective of income or need. Today the benefit is withdrawn (or more accurately must be repaid) if the higher earner’s income tops £80,000 (High Income Child Benefit Charge). The one change is that this can now be resolved through the PAYE system rather than dealing with self-assessment returns which invariably are forgotten by employees – leading to fines.

Helping First Time Buyers

There is little attempt to help any first time buyers in the south of the country. The Stamp Duty Land Tax (Stamp Duty), currently has a threshold of £425,000 before SDLT is paid. This is going to be reduced to £300,000. So First Time Buyers and indeed anyone, will now pay more tax when purchasing a home, so make sure it’s the right location, location, location. Those buying a second property (not their main residence) will see SDLT increase further.

There was noise about building homes and allowing councils to keep funds from sale of council houses under the Right to Buy scheme, which it is hoped will aid the housing market crisis of overpriced and not enough. Perhaps the extra tax on pensions may result in more beneficiaries selling inherited homes as well.

Specifics and Personal  – Get In Touch

Of course, more detail may be needed for your specific personal situation, but these are the main headlines. I think most of us know that Government like to tax fuel, alcohol and cigarettes. Your green holiday flight tax will also rise by £2 for economy.  If you go by private jet, the levy will increase by 50%. Reeves rather pointedly glared at Sunak as she gave an example of a flight to California.

Autumn 2024 Budget2025-01-23T10:49:36+00:00

New start

Dominic Thomas
August 2024  •  2 min read

New start?

Do I dare ‘get political’ and risk offending you? Assuming you have pretty thick skin and are not easily offended … I’m going to proceed.  I’m rather glad to see the back of the last Government. I appreciate that many people believe the narrative that Conservative governments are good at managing the national finances and Labour governments are not, however I don’t see any evidence to support this over the last 14 years or so.

In practice we saw a Conservative government launch a half-baked referendum on leaving the EU and ending our working relationship. Sure the EU has its faults, but not a single proponent had any real idea or plan for non-membership other than some rather Victorian notions of empire. I’m not sure that anyone could be worse than the collection of PMs that we have had over the last 14 years, who largely seem to be self-serving and unable to convey any vision.

So we have a new PM and Chancellor, the first female Chancellor in English history. It’s probably fair to say that this Labour leadership are right-leaning centrists and appear eager to reassure the public that they can handle our finances wisely, with economic growth being obviously important. We will see how this shapes up in practice.

Public spending can only really happen with public money, which is of course taxation and loans (Government debt). It is of course divisive political opinion about whether Government debt used to fund public spending creates wealth. On the one hand, better infrastructure and a healthy, educated workforce generate the conditions for growth and therefore more tax collected; on the other hand, debt needs to be repaid and the matter of how much and how quickly is of course the domain of spin doctors to suit your chosen narrative. Practically, we know on a personal level that spending more than you earn and building debt isn’t a great idea, but then this is public money – personal overspending is generally about consumption not investment into the hardwiring of our system (which is quite a different matter).

The truth is that life and politics are nuanced. Rarely is anything simple or either/or. All of us now have a refreshed understanding of inflation and for me, this is probably the more important element of the economics. Every year brings new challenges and we are undoubtedly at a watershed moment in technological advancement, perhaps the degree of change is as it ever was – overestimated in the short term with its impact underestimated in the long term.

We shall see how Mr Starmer handles the pressure compared to his predecessors.

New start2024-08-02T17:28:14+01:00

ISAs are being ”Simplified”

Dominic Thomas
April 2024  •  5 min read

ISAs are being ”Simplified”

I don’t like sounding (or being) cynical (there’s a but coming isn’t there!) … but – when a Government or HMRC use the word “simplification” they seem to merely describe their own thought process and nothing else. The intention is usually good, the real-world working, well … not so much.

There are some rule changes, announced by the Chancellor in the Autumn statement, that are designed to simplify the scheme and encourage more people to invest tax-free, allowing for a more ‘balanced’ investment portfolio. There are too many ISAs being used as cash deposit accounts by ‘nervous’ investors. Our clients tend not to fall into this trap, but of course millions of people do. Inflation is best beaten over time by investment into assets that grow (holdings in companies listed on the world stock markets). Cash is simply giving banks your money so that they can invest it for their benefit.

Here are the six reforms from HMRC:

The Government announced a package of ISA reforms and will make these changes to ISAs from 6 April 2024:

  1. Increase the age for opening Cash ISAs from 16 to 18 and over. This is consistent with the age requirement already in place for opening Stocks and Shares, Innovative Finance and Lifetime ISAs.
  2. Allow subscriptions to multiple ISAs of the same type, with the exception of Lifetime ISA, within the tax year, removing the limit on subscribing to one ISA of each type per year. All subscriptions must remain within the overall ISA limit of £20,000.
  3. Remove the requirement for an investor to make a fresh ISA application where an existing ISA account has received no subscription in the previous tax year.
  4. Allow Long-Term Asset Funds to be permitted investments in an Innovative Finance ISA, which does not require access to funds within 30 days.
  5. Allow open-ended property funds with extended notice periods to be permitted investments in an Innovative Finance ISA.
  6. Allow partial transfers of current year ISA subscriptions between ISA managers.

The government also plans to hold discussions with industry on allowing certain fractions of shares to become permitted ISA investments.

Most of this will not impact you, everything we do here at Solomon’s is flexible and one of the benefits of regular reviews is that we can assess and check ongoing suitability of the financial products we have arranged for you and the portfolio being used.

If you have any questions at all, please get in touch. If you need a review sooner than normal or feel one may be overdue, please drop us a line.

ISAs are being ”Simplified”2025-01-23T10:50:33+00:00

Taxing times

Dominic Thomas
Jan 2024  •  5 min read

Taxing times

Tax is perhaps one of the most divisive issues.  At the time of writing, just before the Christmas break 2023, the Scottish Government has announced that it is imposing the additional rate of income tax (45%) at a much lower level.  Unlike England and Wales, the Additional Rate will start at £75,000.

Here in England and Wales, the 45% rate starts at that “only a quango could come up with it” number of £125,140 for tax year 2023/24.  So someone earning more than £125,140 pays 45% income tax, but in Scotland the line is drawn much sooner.

By comparison, a Scottish resident earning £125,140 will pay an extra £2,507 on the same income. I doubt that the extra tax is enough to prompt thoughts about moving south, but it may well alter behaviour at the ballot box.

As a reminder, the tax rates for this tax year (2023/24) which comes to a close on 5th April 2024 are as follows:

Band Taxable Income Tax Rate
Personal Allowance Up to £12,570 0%
Basic rate £12,571-£50,270 20%
Higher Rate £50,271-£125,140 40%
Additional Rate Over £125,140 45%

These are the income tax rates on earned income, not dividends (which have lower tax rates).

If you are breathing a sigh of relief because you live in England or Wales, remember that this tax year saw the Government reduce the higher rate band so that Additional Rate begins at £125,140 rather than £150,000.

Most of us have been impacted by inflation, yet the personal allowance remained frozen as did the basic rate tax band. So more people pay more income tax. This is what the media and whoever is in opposition, like to call “stealth taxes” basically an increase in tax in real terms.

Additional Rate tax was introduced in the tax year 2010-11, and saw 236,000 people pay 45% raising £34.5billion. Ten years later, the HMRC 2020-21 data saw this number increase to 481,000. There is no doubt that whichever way one observes the data produced by HMRC, we all pay more tax.

There are of course some things that you can do about reducing tax or even obtaining tax reliefs, these are all part of a good financial plan. However what I often observe is how little attention is paid to good arrangement of financial ‘stuff’ so that you can minimise tax payments. How much and where from become really important when drawing money from your portfolio. It’s one thing to get tax relief or use an allowance, it’s another to draw money out so that you pay less than 20% tax.

I recently produced a White Paper that you may find of interest called ‘Understanding Adviser Fees’, which includes and explanation about the value that we bring. Whilst I firmly believe that every little helps, if you focus purely on costs and ignore taxes, you will quickly wonder why you bothered. You can find the paper (which is designed to be readable – feedback welcome) here.

Taxing times2024-02-01T09:21:01+00:00

The Autumn Statement – the Ghost of Christmas Past

Dominic Thomas
Nov 2023  •  2 min read

The Autumn Statement – the Ghost of Christmas Past

We are in the closing weeks of the year. Our thoughts turn to Christmas celebrations and perhaps looking ahead to the New Year. The familiarity of our traditions poses a challenge to attempts to change them, yet even the harshest of men, Mr Scrooge, managed to pay attention to what is important and change his behaviour.

I don’t think it is contentious to say that the Conservatives are a party of tax cutting and yet we currently have one of the highest rates of personal taxes in the main economies. Few of us enjoy paying taxes, perhaps because often it seems that our hard-earned money is wasted on expensive ideas and ‘kit’ that doesn’t work very well at all … anyone tried the NHS IT system or indeed any ‘converting to digital’ Governmental system, let alone the military’s ability to spend a fortune on malfunctioning weaponry to cite just a couple of examples. We all have opinions. (As an aside the Power of Attorney system is going digital in 2024, so I urge you to sort yours before they muck it up and make the backlog even longer).

The Conservatives came to power in May 2010, admittedly with the assistance of the LibDems, but then we have had an entire mess of Government ever since.

According to Jeremy Paxton in 2018, David Cameron was the worst Prime Minister since Eden:

“[He] got to the top of a tree in order to set it on fire and cleared off, put the interests of his party before the country and decided to have this referendum, believed one thing was the only right outcome for the country, didn’t campaign for it, got the opposite outcome and XXX off. It doesn’t seem like leadership to me”.

Given the PMs we have had since 2018, Cameron might actually look a lot better, the bar seems woefully low, anyway, for now Cameron is back, this time as Foreign Secretary.

The backdrop of a Covid enquiry which merely proves what most of us thought, that Mr Johnson is an unreliable character (I am being polite), we have the prospect of an election looming by the end of January 2025. The Labour party seems set on sabotage and the plethora of political open goals being squandered is lamentable. The traditional approach of appealing to the notion “everyone has their price” is in the hands of the Chancellor, who is being tempted to cut taxes now that inflation appears to be returning to a more comfortable figure (4.7% October 2023 ONS).

Which of us doesn’t want to pay less tax? In an environment of rising prices, seeing your net pay remain pitifully stagnant is irksome. Yet we also know that tax pays to keep society running in some vaguely civil way. We can all find things to disagree with, it’s almost a rite of passage into a fifth decade. It’s clear that ‘the system’ doesn’t work for all, and indeed seems to generally work best for the few. The sadness is that there seems to be so few alternatives to the binary choices we have here in the UK; stuck in traditions that don’t work for the good of the country. Creativity and visionary leadership remain sadly elusive.

There was a time when the economy was thought about as a way of serving society, yet here in 2023 we are evidently a society that is serving the economy. There is no good reason why this cannot change, and despite experience, I remain an optimist in a sufficient number of decent people.

For the record, I have no intention of offending your political beliefs, but I do think we all deserve rather better than we have had. On 22 November 2023 we shall get further notice …

The Autumn Statement – the Ghost of Christmas Past2025-01-23T10:49:36+00:00

Golden handcuffs

Dominic Thomas
Jan 2023  •  6 min read

Golden handcuffs…

For many employees, a key reason to remain with their employer is because of pension benefits, however the playing field of employer pension schemes is far from level and the cynic in me questions whether Government tax policy is deliberately attempting to reduce the cost of pensions to employers, particularly the State employers such as the NHS.

Firstly, it’s important to understand the two basic types of pension. The clue to what they are is in the unusually straight-forward name.

1 – Defined Benefit (DB) or Final Salary Scheme

Your pension (benefit) is based on your final salary when you leave the scheme, whenever that is at the scheme normal retirement date (NRD).

The amount you get is a fraction of your final salary, your membership of the scheme and work for the employer builds your entitlement. So a scheme with a 1/60th rate of “Accrual” 25 years of membership would provide 25/60ths  (41.6%) of your final salary. This will be inflation-linked within parameters set by the scheme.

The amount you receive has nothing to do with how much you contribute, that can be any amount (sometimes nothing). It is your employers duty to honour the agreement not simply for the remainder of your life but likely the remainder of your spouse’s life as well.

According to ONS data to 2019 (the most recent at the time of writing) there are about 7.6m active members (people still building benefits)  of DB schemes, of these 6.6m are in Public Sector schemes.

2 – Defined Contribution (DC) or Money Purchase Scheme

These schemes are more straightforward in that they are investment-based schemes and the only guaranteed definitions are how much the employer is going to contribute as a percentage of pensionable salary (and the employee). How much this is ultimately worth will depend on how well the money is invested and the charges applied. Many employers use fairly cautious investment strategies in the misguided belief that this is better, yet as most people will save for their retirement for three or four decades, this will be rather like driving with the handbrake on.

The Auto Enrolment pensions that were introduced to automatically add staff to a pension rather than ask them if they wanted to join are essentially defined contribution schemes. They have been a success in the sense that more people are now saving into a pension.

The majority of employers do not offer a DB scheme, in fact hundreds have been closed over the years. There are barely any open DB schemes in the private sector, because they cost an awful lot to run and provide. There are roughly 10.4m people drawing a pension from a DB scheme and it’s fairly evenly split between private and public sector pensions. Remember that these are pensions payable for many years with a degree of inflation-proofing. Back in 2006 there were about 3m members of private sector DB schemes, half of them were closed, but by 2019 only 0.6m members were actively building benefits due to the number of closed schemes, deemed too expensive. Contrast this to the 0.9m members of open private sector DC schemes in 2006 which has risen to a whopping 10.6m.

To put a little more ‘flesh on the bones’ of the open private sector DB schemes, employers contribute a weighted average of 19.1% with employees adding a further 6.5%. Compare this to the weighted average private sector DC scheme where employers contribute 3.5% and employees just 1.6%. It doesn’t take a maths genius to work out that its much cheaper (by a country mile) for employers to provide a DC scheme, for which they pay annual contributions when their member of staff works for them and not a penny more thereafter.

Stating the obvious, if you are running any business, profit is what sustains a future; reducing costs increases profits (or should). The Public Sector cannot generally make quick and substantial changes like this. Generally the approach has been to alter existing DB schemes, with pensions starting later (65, 67, 68 as opposed to 60). Member employee contribution rates have increased – doubling in many cases. Finally, the rate of accrual has also been changed, often dressed up as better, but invariably forfeiting other benefits such as a lump sum. This is where most Union and legal challenges have been directed.

So taking a typical doctor who began their career paying 6% into a 1/80th pension scheme that would provide a pension for life from age 60 and a one-off tax-free lump sum. If they started working without any career breaks they might build 36 years of service (36/80ths) providing a 45% pension of their final salary (say £130,000) of £58,500 a year and a one off lump sum of £175,500.

If we exclude inflation, a same salary doctor will need to work an extra 7 years to get their pension at 67. They pay closer to 13.5% of salary to the pension and build it as 43/54ths of 79% of their salary (no lump sum)… but the Government was smarter than that, the maths isn’t really 1/54th of final salary, it’s of each year … the term ‘career average earnings’ captures this.  A doctor starting out is obviously paid substantially less than one at the peak of their expertise and career earnings – so it’s nothing like a final salary but an average salary over 43 years.  Taking the midpoint as an example, 21 years into a career – or retiring on a salary that you had 21 years ago. In fairness it isn’t quite like that, there is some inflation-linking, but this is detail you don’t need to know right now. The principle is how pensions in the Public Sector have been sliced and diced to save money.

When you add in draconian Government/HMRC rules about the Lifetime Allowance (a tax charge of 25% or 55% for those with pensions valued at over £1,073,100 and the Annual Allowance formula used, (which for many triggers a substantial tax on a pension income they have not yet had), it is very hard to conclude anything other than a deliberate strategy to remove higher paid long-term employees … like doctors.

So quite apart from the awful treatment medics often get in the media and utterly fictional suggestions of Consultants barely breaking from a round of golf to turn up for work occasionally, there is little wonder that most of them feel betrayed by a nation that they chose to serve. I can certainly tell you that from three decades of working with NHS doctors, I’ve not met any that became multi-millionaires through their work within healthcare. Some are certainly more entrepreneurial than others, but most of them simply love medicine and get satisfaction making a real difference in people’s lives, more likely describing it as a ‘calling’.

The reasons for the NHS being in crisis are complex and many, but part of the reason is that many doctors are being forced to reduce the number of sessions that they work or retire early so as to avoid a scenario where they are essentially paying more tax than the income they earn … actually paying to work. It is down to the Government and policymakers to have an adult approach to pensions and scrapping many of the really very badly thought through self-defeating rules.

You can read more articles about Pensions, Wealth Management, Retirement, Investments, Financial Planning and Estate Planning on my blog which gets updated every week. If you would like to talk to me about your personal wealth planning and how we can make you stay wealthier for longer then please get in touch by calling 08000 736 273 or email info@solomonsifa.co.uk

Golden handcuffs2023-12-01T12:12:39+00:00

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